Me yasa na'urorin haɗin gwiwar maganadisu na dindindin suka zama babban injin tuƙi?

Me yasa na'urorin haɗin gwiwar maganadisu na dindindin suka zama babban injin tuƙi?

Motar lantarki na iya canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin injina, da kuma tura makamashin injin zuwa ƙafafun ta hanyar watsawa don tuƙi abin hawa.Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin tuƙi na sabbin motocin makamashi.A halin yanzu, injinan tuƙi da aka saba amfani da su a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi galibi injina na magnetic synchronous na dindindin da injin asynchronous AC.Yawancin sabbin motocin makamashi suna amfani da injunan maganadisu na dindindin.Kamfanonin motoci na wakilci sun haɗa da BYD, Li Auto, da sauransu. Wasu motocin suna amfani da injin asynchronous AC.Motocin lantarki suna wakiltar kamfanonin mota kamar Tesla da Mercedes-Benz.

Motar asynchronous galibi ya ƙunshi stator na tsaye da jujjuyawar juyi.Lokacin da stator winding aka haɗa zuwa AC samar da wutar lantarki, rotor zai juya da fitarwa ikon.Babban ka'idar ita ce idan aka kunna wutar lantarki ta stator (alternating current), zai samar da filin lantarki mai jujjuyawa, kuma na'urar rotor winding wani rufaffiyar madugu ne wanda ke ci gaba da yanke layukan shigar da wutar lantarki na stator a cikin filin maganadisu na jujjuyawar stator.Bisa ga dokar Faraday, lokacin da rufaffiyar madugu ya yanke layin induction na maganadisu, za a samar da na'urar lantarki, kuma na yanzu zai samar da filin lantarki.A wannan lokacin, akwai filayen lantarki guda biyu: ɗaya shine filin stator electromagnetic da ke da alaƙa da alternating current na waje, ɗayan kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar yanke layin induction na stator electromagnetic.Rotor electromagnetic filin.A cewar dokar Lenz, motsin da aka jawo zai ko da yaushe yana tsayayya da abin da ya haifar da halin yanzu, wato, ƙoƙarin hana masu gudanarwa a kan na'ura mai juyayi daga yanke layukan shigar da maganadisu na filin maganadisu na stator.Sakamakon shine: masu gudanarwa a kan na'urar za su "kama" tare da stator's filin lantarki mai jujjuya yana nufin cewa rotor yana korar filin maganadisu na stator, kuma a ƙarshe motar ta fara juyawa.A lokacin aikin, saurin juyawa na rotor (n2) da saurin juyawa na stator (n1) ba su daidaita ba (bambancin saurin yana kusan 2-6%).Saboda haka, ana kiransa motar AC asynchronous.Akasin haka, idan saurin jujjuyawa iri ɗaya ne, ana kiran shi injin ɗin aiki tare.

Motar da ke aiki tare da magnet ɗin dindindin kuma nau'in injin AC ne.Rotor dinta an yi shi da karfe tare da maganadisu na dindindin.Lokacin da motar ke aiki, ana ƙarfafa stator don samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuya don tura na'urar don juyawa."Aiki tare" yana nufin cewa jujjuyawar na'ura mai jujjuyawa yayin aiki a tsaye Ana aiki tare da saurin jujjuyawar filin maganadisu.Motoci masu aiki tare da maganadisu na dindindin suna da mafi girman ma'aunin iko-zuwa-nauyi, sun fi ƙanƙanta girma, masu nauyi a nauyi, suna da ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma, kuma suna da kyakkyawan iyaka da sauri da aikin birki.Saboda haka, na'urar maganadisu na dindindin na aiki tare sun zama abin hawa lantarki da aka fi amfani dashi a yau.na lantarki motor.Koyaya, lokacin da abin maganadisu na dindindin ya kasance cikin rawar jiki, babban zafin jiki da kuma ɗaukar nauyi a halin yanzu, ƙarfin maganadisu na iya raguwa, ko lalatawar na iya faruwa, wanda zai iya rage aikin injin maganadisu na dindindin.Bugu da kari, injinan da ba kasafai na duniya ba na dindindin na maganadisu na aiki tare suna amfani da kayan kasa da ba kasafai ba, kuma farashin masana'anta bai tsaya tsayin daka ba.

Idan aka kwatanta da injunan maganadisu na dindindin, injin asynchronous yana buƙatar ɗaukar makamashin lantarki don tashin hankali lokacin aiki, wanda zai cinye wutar lantarki kuma ya rage ingancin injin.Motocin maganadisu na dindindin sun fi tsada saboda ƙarin maganadisu na dindindin.

Samfuran da suka zaɓi injunan AC asynchronous suna ba da fifiko ga aiki kuma suna cin gajiyar fitowar wasan kwaikwayon da fa'idodin ingantattun injinan AC asynchronous a cikin babban gudu.Samfurin wakilci shine farkon Model S. Babban fasali: Lokacin da motar ke motsawa cikin sauri, zai iya kula da aiki mai sauri da ingantaccen amfani da makamashin lantarki, rage yawan amfani da makamashi yayin da yake riƙe matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa;

Samfuran da suka zaɓi injunan maganadisu na dindindin na haɗin gwiwa suna ba da fifiko ga amfani da makamashi da kuma amfani da aikin fitarwa da ingantaccen aiki na injin ɗin maganadisu na dindindin a cikin ƙananan gudu, yana sa su dace da ƙanana da matsakaitan motoci.Halayensa ƙananan girman, nauyi mai sauƙi, da tsawan rayuwar baturi.A lokaci guda, yana da kyakkyawan aikin ƙa'ida na sauri kuma yana iya kiyaye babban inganci idan aka fuskanci maimaita farawa, tsayawa, hanzari da raguwa.

Motoci masu aiki tare da maganadisu na dindindin sun mamaye.Dangane da kididdigar da aka samu daga “Sabuwar Makamashin Masana’antar Motocin Makamashi na Watanni” wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Cigaban Masana’antu (GGII) ta fitar, ikon shigar da sabbin motocin tuki na makamashi daga Janairu zuwa Agusta 2022 ya kasance kusan raka'a miliyan 3.478, shekara-shekara. - shekara karuwa da 101%.Daga cikin su, da shigar da damar na dindindin maganadisu synchronous Motors ya 3.329 miliyan raka'a, a shekara-on-shekara karuwa na 106%;Ƙarfin da aka shigar na AC asynchronous Motors ya kasance raka'a miliyan 1.295, karuwar shekara-shekara na 22%.

Dindindin na'urorin haɗi na maganadisu sun zama babban injin tuƙi a cikin tsarkakakken kasuwar motocin fasinja ta lantarki.

Yin la'akari da zaɓin injina don samfuran al'ada a gida da waje, sabbin motocin makamashi waɗanda aka ƙaddamar da Motocin gida na SAIC, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, Motocin BAIC, Motocin Denza, da sauransu duk suna amfani da injin ɗin daidaitawa na dindindin.Ana amfani da injunan maganadisu na dindindin a China.Na farko, saboda m maganadisu synchronous Motors da mai kyau low-gudun yi da kuma high hira yadda ya dace, wanda sosai dace da hadaddun aiki yanayi tare da akai-akai farawa da tsayawa a cikin birane zirga-zirga.Na biyu, saboda neodymium baƙin ƙarfe boron na dindindin maganadisu a cikin dindindin maganadisu synchronous Motors.Kayayyakin suna buƙatar amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, kuma ƙasata tana da kashi 70% na albarkatun ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, kuma jimillar kayan maganadisu na NdFeB ya kai kashi 80% na duniya, don haka Sin ta fi sha'awar yin amfani da na'urori masu amfani da magnetin dindindin.

Tesla na Ƙasashen waje da BMW suna amfani da injunan maganadisu na dindindin da na'urorin haɗin gwiwar AC don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa.Daga tsarin tsarin aikace-aikacen, injin maganadisu na dindindin na aiki tare shine babban zaɓi na sabbin motocin makamashi.

Farashin kayan maganadisu na dindindin ya kai kusan kashi 30% na farashin injunan maganadisu na dindindin.The albarkatun kasa don kera madawwamin maganadisu synchronous Motors akasari sun hada da neodymium baƙin ƙarfe boron, silicon karfe zanen gado, jan karfe da aluminum.Daga cikin su, ana amfani da ƙarfe na dindindin na ƙarfe neodymium boron don yin na'ura mai juyi na dindindin, kuma abun da ke cikin farashi shine kusan 30%;Silicon karfe zanen gado ana amfani da yafi don yin musamman A kudin abun da ke ciki na rotor core ne game da 20%;abun da ke ciki na farashin stator winding shine kusan 15%;abun da ke ciki na farashin motar motar yana kusan 5%;kuma farashin abun da ke ciki na harsashi na motar shine kusan 15%.

Me yasaMotocin Magnet na OSG na dindindin suna murƙushe kwampreshin iskamafi inganci?

Motar da ke aiki tare da magnet ɗin dindindin ta ƙunshi abubuwan stator, rotor da harsashi.Kamar talakawa AC Motors, da stator core yana da laminated tsarin don rage baƙin ƙarfe asara saboda eddy halin yanzu da kuma hysteresis effects a lokacin da motor ke gudana;windings kuma yawanci uku-girma tsari symmetrical Tsarin, amma siga selection ne quite daban-daban.Bangaren na'ura mai juyi yana da nau'i daban-daban, gami da na'urar maganadisu na dindindin tare da kejin squirrel mai farawa, da kuma na'ura mai juzu'i mai tsaftataccen mai jujjuyawar maganadisu.Za a iya yin core rotor zuwa wani m tsari ko laminated.Rotor yana sanye da kayan maganadisu na dindindin, wanda aka fi sani da maganadisu.

Karkashin aiki na yau da kullun na injin maganadisu na dindindin, na'ura mai juyi da filayen maganadisu na stator suna cikin yanayin aiki tare.Babu wani halin yanzu da aka jawo a cikin ɓangaren rotor, kuma babu asarar jan ƙarfe na rotor, hysteresis, ko asarar halin yanzu.Babu buƙatar yin la'akari da matsalar asarar rotor da dumama.Gabaɗaya, injin maganadisu na dindindin yana aiki da mai sauya mitoci na musamman kuma a zahiri yana da aikin farawa mai laushi.Bugu da ƙari, injin maganadisu na dindindin shine motar da ke aiki tare, wanda ke da halayyar daidaita yanayin wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙarfin motsa jiki, don haka za'a iya tsara ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙimar.

Daga farkon ra'ayi, saboda gaskiyar cewa injin maganadisu na dindindin yana farawa ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa ko inverter mai goyan baya, tsarin farawa na injin maganadisu na dindindin yana da sauƙi;yana kama da farawa na mitar mitar mai canzawa, kuma yana nisantar lahanin farawa na motocin asynchronous cage na yau da kullun.

A takaice dai, inganci da karfin wutar lantarki na injina na magnetin dindindin na iya kaiwa ga tsayi sosai, tsarin yana da sauki sosai, kuma kasuwa ta yi zafi sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Koyaya, asarar gazawar haɓakawa matsala ce da ba za a iya gujewa ba a cikin injinan maganadisu na dindindin.Lokacin da halin yanzu ya yi girma sosai ko kuma zafin jiki ya yi yawa, zazzabin motsin motsi zai tashi nan take, na yanzu zai ƙaru sosai, kuma maɗaukakin maganadisu na dindindin zai yi saurin rasa sha'awa.A cikin madaidaicin injin maganadisu na dindindin, an saita na'urar kariya ta yau da kullun don gujewa matsalar iskar motar stator da ake konewa, amma sakamakon hasarar tashin hankali da rufe kayan aiki ba makawa.